Natural brown cotton has favorable antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In this study, we explored the effect of gauze made from natural brown cotton after scouring and bleaching on wound healing in rats. In this work, a control experiment was adopted. The control group used absorbent cotton gauze, and the experimental group utilized natural brown cotton bleached gauze. The materials were applied to rat models to explore the effects of the two dressings on wound healing. By analyzing the wound healing state of rats, calculating the healing rate, and combining the pathological HE staining, Masson staining, and CD31 immunohistochemical staining, the results showed that both gauzes have positive effects on the wound healing of the rats. Moreover, compared with the control group, the wound healing rate of rats in the experimental group increased by 14.81%, the number of inflammatory cells decreased by 12.93%, the number of new blood vessels increased by 6.88%, the growth rate of the granulation tissue area was 10.76%, the step-up rate of the area occupied by collagen was 33.71%, and the increase rate of optical density value was 10.00%. This study found that natural brown cotton bleached gauze has a better effect on wound healing than ordinary absorbent cotton gauze, and can be used as medical dressings.